Should Gabapentin Be Used to Treat Alcohol Abuse?
/By Pat Anson, PNN Editor
Gabapentin (Neurontin) is so widely prescribed for so many different conditions that a Pfizer executive infamously compared it to “snake oil” in a 1999 email.
“Gabapentin is the snake oil of the twentieth century. It has been successful in just about everything they have studied,” said Christopher Wohlberg, who was a Pfizer Medical Director at the time.
Although only approved by the FDA to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain caused by shingles, gabapentin is widely prescribed off-label to treat fibromyalgia, anxiety, depression, ADHD, migraine, bipolar disorder, restless leg syndrome and a growing number of other conditions.
Already the 6th most widely prescribed drug in the United States, gabapentin is also being touted as a treatment for alcohol abuse.
In a small study published in JAMA Internal Medicine, researchers found that gabapentin was effective in treating patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) – problem drinking that has become severe. Compared to a placebo, gabapentin significantly increased abstinence and reduced heavy drinking days, especially for those who suffer from symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.
“The weight of the evidence now suggests that gabapentin might be most efficacious after the initiation of abstinence to sustain it and that it might work best in those with a history of more severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms,” concluded lead author Raymond Anton, MD, an addiction psychiatrist and professor at the Medical University of South Carolina.
“Armed with this knowledge, clinicians may have another alternative when choosing a medication to treat AUD and thereby encourage more patient participation in treatment with enhanced expectation of success.”
As many as 30 million Americans have AUD, but only about a million are taking a medication to help them reduce drinking or maintain abstinence. The FDA has approved three drugs (naltrexone, disulfiram and acamprosate) for the treatment of alcohol abuse.
Side Effects and Abuse
The suggestion that gabapentin should also be prescribed for AUD comes at a time when the drug is already under scrutiny for its abuse and side effects, including an association with a growing number of suicide attempts. Patients prescribed gabapentin often complain of mood swings, depression, dizziness, fatigue and drowsiness.
Although the CDC’s controversial 2016 opioid guideline calls gabapentin and its chemical cousin pregabalin “first-line drugs” for neuropathic pain, a recent clinical review found little evidence that either drug should be used off-label to treat pain.
Gabapentin does not carry the same risk of addiction and overdose as opioid pain relievers, but illicit drug users have discovered that gabapentin can heighten euphoria caused by heroin and other illicit opioids. Should a drug like that be used to treat addiction?
Hundreds of clinical studies are underway to find new uses for gabapentin, not only for alcohol abuse, but for a cornucopia of conditions such as obesity, insomnia, breast cancer, asthma, menopause and overactive bladder. One recent study even found that gabapentin improves sexual desire in women with vulvodynia.
Instead of finding new uses for an old medication, maybe it’s time to come up with a new drug.
