By Pat Anson, Editor

Physical therapy works just as well as surgery in relieving pain and other symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis in older patients, according to researchers at the University of Pittsburgh.

Their two year-year study, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, is believed to be the first that compares outcomes between surgery and physical therapy (PT) for spinal stenosis, a condition caused by narrowing of the spinal canal that causes pain, numbness and weakness in the lower back.  Decompression surgery to relieve pressure on spinal nerves has become a fast-growing intervention in today's older population.

"Probably the biggest point to put across to physicians, patients and practitioners is: Patients don't exhaust all of their non-surgical options before they consent to surgery. And physical therapy is one of their non-surgical options," said principal investigator Anthony Delitto, PhD, chair of the Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences.

Delitto, a physical therapist, was puzzled why some patients responded well to physical therapy  and others to surgery.

In his study, 169 patients aged 50 and older with spinal stenosis agreed to be randomly assigned to two groups: Those who would have decompression surgery and those who would have two standardized physical therapy sessions each week for six weeks.

In his study, 169 patients aged 50 and older with spinal stenosis agreed to be randomly assigned to two groups: Those who would have decompression surgery and those who would have two standardized physical therapy sessions each week for six weeks.

After both groups were re-examined at intervals of six months, one year and two years, the patient outcomes appeared to be about equal. There were no detectable differences between the groups in how their pain abated and the degree to which function was restored in their backs, buttocks and legs.

"The idea we had was to really test the two approaches head to head," said Delitto. "Both groups improved, and they improved to the same degree. Now, embedded in that, there are patients who did well in surgery, and patients who failed in surgery. There are patients who did well in PT, and there are patients who failed with PT. But when we looked across the board at all of those groups, their success and failure rates were about the same."

The research project also revealed issues surrounding physical therapy and the cost of co-pay – which apparently discourage some patients from continuing their treatment.

"One of the big things that we know held patients back from PT were co-payments," Dr. Delitto added. "Patients were on Medicare, and a lot of them were on fixed incomes. Some of those co-payments had to come out of pocket at $25, $30, $35 per visit. That adds up, and some of the patients just couldn't afford it."

Most patients didn't finish the PT regimen allowed under Medicare and one-third of the patients failed to complete even half of the regimen. About one in six didn't show for a single treatment, though they had agreed to consider physical therapy.